• Antioxidants Any substance that reduces oxidative damage (damage due to oxygen) such as that caused by free radicals. Free radicals are highly reactive chemicals that attack molecules by capturing electrons and thus modifying chemical structures. Antioxidants may possibly reduce the risks of cancer and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Antioxidants clearly slow the progression of AMD. Antioxidants are available only through ingestions in fruits and vegetables.   
• Free radicals:          Free radicals are atoms or groups of atoms with an odd (unpaired) number of electrons and can be formed when oxygen interacts with certain molecules.  Once formed these highly reactive radicals can start a chain reaction, like dominoes.  Their chief danger comes from the damage they can do when they react with important cellular components such as DNA, or the cell membrane. Cells may function poorly or die if this occurs. To prevent free radical damage the body has a defense system of antioxidants.   
• Homocysteine - At normal levels, homocysteine is an amino acid used by the body to help build and maintain body tissue. Too much homocysteine, however, causes blood platelets to clump together and damage the lining of arteries. That, in turn, can lead to heart attacks and strokes.
• Phytochemicals are plant- or fruit-derived chemical compounds. “Phytonutrients” refer to phytochemicals or compounds that come from edible plants.

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